| Below upper secondary education | Employment rate in urban settlements, % | | 33.2 | 31.7 | 29.7 | 27.6 | 29.3 | 27.6 | 30.3 | 32.2 | 31.3 | 31.5 | 32.0 | 33.0 | 27.7 | 25.7 | 29.7 | 29.0 | 32.0 | 34.7 | 34.4 | 35.5 | 38.9 | 41.3 | 36.6 |
| Employment rate in rural settlements, % | | 32.5 | 32.9 | 31.3 | 31.5 | 29.2 | 26.6 | 30.1 | 31.3 | 29.5 | 35.1 | 34.8 | 33.6 | 27.3 | 26.3 | 29.0 | 30.3 | 34.0 | 34.9 | 34.2 | 36.7 | 39.1 | 37.7 | 36.8 |
| Employment gap, percentage points | | 0.7 | -1.2 | -1.6 | -3.9 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 1.8 | -3.6 | -2.8 | -0.6 | 0.4 | -0.6 | 0.7 | -1.3 | -2.0 | -0.2 | 0.2 | -1.2 | -0.2 | 3.6 | -0.2 |
| Upper secondary education | Employment rate in urban settlements, % | | 67.8 | 66.5 | 63.1 | 61.1 | 60.5 | 62.1 | 64.3 | 62.3 | 64.3 | 68.6 | 69.6 | 70.3 | 61.4 | 58.1 | 63.5 | 64.0 | 64.3 | 64.6 | 68.2 | 67.8 | 69.7 | 70.9 | 71.8 |
| Employment rate in rural settlements, % | | 66.3 | 66.9 | 63.5 | 62.7 | 65.6 | 65.7 | 65.8 | 64.6 | 65.2 | 68.5 | 69.7 | 70.2 | 62.9 | 60.2 | 65.0 | 66.8 | 67.2 | 66.5 | 67.1 | 68.2 | 69.0 | 69.8 | 68.8 |
| Employment gap, percentage points | | 1.5 | -0.4 | -0.4 | -1.6 | -5.1 | -3.6 | -1.5 | -2.3 | -0.9 | 0.1 | -0.1 | 0.1 | -1.5 | -2.1 | -1.5 | -2.8 | -2.9 | -1.9 | 1.1 | -0.4 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 3.0 |
| Tertiary education | Employment rate in urban settlements, % | | 77.8 | 76.5 | 75.4 | 74.8 | 74.5 | 77.1 | 75.1 | 75.7 | 76.9 | 79.0 | 79.6 | 76.9 | 74.9 | 71.4 | 71.5 | 75.0 | 75.7 | 75.3 | 77.8 | 77.4 | 79.2 | 78.8 | 80.1 |
| Employment rate in rural settlements, % | | 78.4 | 79.2 | 77.2 | 73.0 | 75.3 | 75.5 | 74.3 | 76.0 | 74.4 | 81.3 | 80.2 | 82.7 | 77.4 | 74.8 | 77.2 | 78.1 | 76.8 | 78.3 | 79.1 | 79.7 | 79.5 | 77.9 | 78.7 |
| Employment gap, percentage points | | -0.6 | -2.7 | -1.8 | 1.8 | -0.8 | 1.6 | 0.8 | -0.3 | 2.5 | -2.3 | -0.6 | -5.8 | -2.5 | -3.4 | -5.7 | -3.1 | -1.1 | -3.0 | -1.3 | -2.3 | -0.3 | 0.9 | 1.4 |