| Males and females | Educational levels total | Employment rate of native and immigrant population, % | | 63.1 | 57.4 | 55.2 | 59.1 | 60.8 | 62.1 | 63.0 | 65.2 | 65.6 | 67.5 | 68.1 | 68.4 |
| Employment rate of native population, % | | 62.7 | 57.4 | 55.6 | 59.8 | 61.8 | 62.7 | 64.1 | 66.3 | 67.0 | 69.0 | 69.4 | 69.3 |
| Employment rate of immigrant population, % | | 64.2 | 57.4 | 53.8 | 56.7 | 57.6 | 60.0 | 59.3 | 61.2 | 60.6 | 61.8 | 63.3 | 65.4 |
| Employment gap, percentage points | | -1.5 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 3.1 | 4.2 | 2.7 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 6.4 | 7.2 | 6.1 | 3.9 |
| Below upper secondary education | Employment rate of native and immigrant population, % | | 33.3 | 27.5 | 26.0 | 29.4 | 29.6 | 32.8 | 34.8 | 34.3 | 36.1 | 39.0 | 39.7 | 36.6 |
| Employment rate of native population, % | | 33.6 | 28.0 | 25.9 | 29.9 | 30.0 | 32.5 | 34.6 | 34.2 | 35.7 | 38.5 | 39.0 | 35.7 |
| Employment rate of immigrant population, % | | 31.6 | 25.1 | 26.5 | 26.5 | 27.5 | 34.6 | 35.7 | 34.6 | 37.9 | 42.0 | 45.2 | 43.1 |
| Employment gap, percentage points | | 2.0 | 2.9 | -0.6 | 3.4 | 2.5 | -2.1 | -1.1 | -0.4 | -2.2 | -3.5 | -6.2 | -7.4 |
| Upper secondary education, post-secondary non-tertiary education | Employment rate of native and immigrant population, % | | 70.3 | 61.8 | 58.7 | 63.9 | 64.8 | 65.2 | 65.2 | 67.9 | 67.9 | 69.5 | 70.5 | 70.9 |
| Employment rate of native population, % | | 70.3 | 62.3 | 60.4 | 65.1 | 66.3 | 66.5 | 66.7 | 69.5 | 70.0 | 71.6 | 73.1 | 72.9 |
| Employment rate of immigrant population, % | | 70.1 | 60.5 | 53.9 | 60.3 | 60.3 | 61.3 | 60.4 | 62.4 | 61.0 | 62.4 | 62.2 | 64.0 |
| Employment gap, percentage points | | 0.2 | 1.8 | 6.5 | 4.8 | 6.0 | 5.2 | 6.3 | 7.1 | 9.0 | 9.2 | 10.9 | 8.9 |
| Tertiary education | Employment rate of native and immigrant population, % | | 78.1 | 75.5 | 72.1 | 72.9 | 75.7 | 75.9 | 76.0 | 78.1 | 78.0 | 79.3 | 78.6 | 79.7 |
| Employment rate of native population, % | | 80.1 | 77.2 | 74.3 | 75.6 | 79.0 | 78.5 | 79.6 | 81.4 | 81.0 | 82.9 | 81.5 | 82.0 |
| Employment rate of immigrant population, % | | 72.8 | 70.7 | 65.9 | 64.7 | 65.9 | 68.0 | 65.5 | 68.2 | 68.1 | 67.0 | 69.3 | 72.7 |
| Employment gap, percentage points | | 7.3 | 6.5 | 8.4 | 10.9 | 13.1 | 10.5 | 14.1 | 13.2 | 12.9 | 15.9 | 12.2 | 9.3 |
| Males | Educational levels total | Employment rate of native and immigrant population, % | | 67.9 | 59.4 | 56.8 | 62.3 | 64.2 | 65.8 | 67.3 | 69.3 | 69.6 | 71.6 | 72.3 | 72.5 |
| Employment rate of native population, % | | 67.3 | 59.7 | 56.9 | 62.2 | 64.2 | 65.9 | 67.5 | 69.5 | 69.9 | 72.1 | 73.1 | 73.0 |
| Employment rate of immigrant population, % | | 69.5 | 58.3 | 56.4 | 62.9 | 64.0 | 65.5 | 66.6 | 68.6 | 68.1 | 69.4 | 69.1 | 70.5 |
| Employment gap, percentage points | | -2.2 | 1.4 | 0.5 | -0.7 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 4.0 | 2.5 |
| Below upper secondary education | Employment rate of native and immigrant population, % | | 40.5 | 32.7 | 29.0 | 33.4 | 34.7 | 39.3 | 41.1 | 40.1 | 42.6 | 46.1 | 45.7 | 41.8 |
| Employment rate of native population, % | | 40.1 | 33.3 | 28.8 | 34.3 | 34.5 | 38.8 | 40.6 | 39.2 | 41.4 | 45.8 | 44.9 | 40.6 |
| Employment rate of immigrant population, % | | 42.8 | 29.9 | 30.9 | 27.9 | 36.1 | 42.4 | 44.6 | 46.9 | 49.4 | 48.6 | 51.9 | 51.0 |
| Employment gap, percentage points | | -2.7 | 3.4 | -2.1 | 6.4 | -1.6 | -3.6 | -4.0 | -7.7 | -8.0 | -2.8 | -7.0 | -10.4 |
| Upper secondary education, post-secondary non-tertiary education | Employment rate of native and immigrant population, % | | 76.9 | 65.3 | 63.9 | 70.1 | 71.3 | 71.3 | 72.0 | 74.4 | 73.9 | 75.2 | 76.8 | 77.2 |
| Employment rate of native population, % | | 77.8 | 66.5 | 65.7 | 70.8 | 72.1 | 72.2 | 73.2 | 75.6 | 74.9 | 76.3 | 79.3 | 79.1 |
| Employment rate of immigrant population, % | | 74.3 | 62.1 | 58.3 | 67.5 | 68.6 | 68.3 | 68.2 | 70.2 | 70.2 | 71.7 | 68.5 | 70.5 |
| Employment gap, percentage points | | 3.5 | 4.4 | 7.4 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 10.8 | 8.6 |
| Tertiary education | Employment rate of native and immigrant population, % | | 84.1 | 80.8 | 74.2 | 77.0 | 79.1 | 80.9 | 82.7 | 84.0 | 82.9 | 84.7 | 84.1 | 85.5 |
| Employment rate of native population, % | | 86.1 | 84.7 | 77.1 | 78.3 | 82.4 | 83.4 | 85.1 | 86.9 | 85.9 | 87.9 | 86.7 | 87.8 |
| Employment rate of immigrant population, % | | 79.2 | 71.3 | 66.8 | 73.2 | 69.4 | 72.8 | 74.8 | 74.9 | 73.7 | 74.4 | 76.2 | 77.9 |
| Employment gap, percentage points | | 6.9 | 13.4 | 10.3 | 5.1 | 13.0 | 10.6 | 10.3 | 12.0 | 12.2 | 13.5 | 10.5 | 9.9 |
| Females | Educational levels total | Employment rate of native and immigrant population, % | | 58.8 | 55.7 | 53.8 | 56.2 | 57.8 | 58.7 | 59.1 | 61.3 | 62.0 | 63.6 | 64.1 | 64.6 |
| Employment rate of native population, % | | 58.5 | 55.4 | 54.5 | 57.6 | 59.4 | 59.7 | 60.9 | 63.2 | 64.3 | 66.0 | 65.8 | 65.6 |
| Employment rate of immigrant population, % | | 59.6 | 56.6 | 51.7 | 51.9 | 52.7 | 55.7 | 53.4 | 55.1 | 54.4 | 55.0 | 58.1 | 61.2 |
| Employment gap, percentage points | | -1.1 | -1.2 | 2.8 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 4.0 | 7.5 | 8.1 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 7.7 | 4.4 |
| Below upper secondary education | Employment rate of native and immigrant population, % | | 24.6 | 21.1 | 22.1 | 24.2 | 23.1 | 23.9 | 25.3 | 26.5 | 27.1 | 29.2 | 31.3 | 29.4 |
| Employment rate of native population, % | | 25.6 | 21.4 | 22.0 | 24.0 | 23.8 | 23.5 | 25.0 | 27.3 | 27.6 | 28.4 | 30.4 | 28.6 |
| Employment rate of immigrant population, % | | 20.2 | 20.1 | 22.6 | 25.3 | 20.2 | 26.0 | 26.5 | 23.1 | 24.7 | 34.0 | 37.2 | 34.0 |
| Employment gap, percentage points | | 5.4 | 1.3 | -0.6 | -1.3 | 3.6 | -2.5 | -1.5 | 4.2 | 2.9 | -5.6 | -6.8 | -5.4 |
| Upper secondary education, post-secondary non-tertiary education | Employment rate of native and immigrant population, % | | 63.7 | 58.2 | 53.4 | 57.6 | 58.0 | 58.7 | 58.0 | 60.5 | 61.3 | 62.9 | 63.3 | 63.3 |
| Employment rate of native population, % | | 62.9 | 57.9 | 54.7 | 58.9 | 59.9 | 60.2 | 59.7 | 62.5 | 64.2 | 66.1 | 65.9 | 65.3 |
| Employment rate of immigrant population, % | | 65.8 | 58.8 | 49.9 | 53.8 | 52.9 | 54.6 | 52.7 | 54.1 | 52.6 | 52.9 | 54.9 | 57.0 |
| Employment gap, percentage points | | -2.9 | -0.9 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 7.0 | 5.6 | 7.0 | 8.4 | 11.6 | 13.2 | 11.0 | 8.3 |
| Tertiary education | Employment rate of native and immigrant population, % | | 74.6 | 72.6 | 71.0 | 70.5 | 73.8 | 73.1 | 72.3 | 74.8 | 75.0 | 76.1 | 75.3 | 76.4 |
| Employment rate of native population, % | | 76.6 | 73.3 | 72.9 | 74.0 | 77.0 | 75.7 | 76.4 | 78.3 | 78.1 | 80.0 | 78.5 | 78.5 |
| Employment rate of immigrant population, % | | 69.0 | 70.4 | 65.3 | 59.4 | 63.7 | 65.5 | 60.9 | 64.5 | 64.5 | 62.3 | 64.9 | 69.8 |
| Employment gap, percentage points | | 7.6 | 2.9 | 7.6 | 14.6 | 13.3 | 10.2 | 15.5 | 13.8 | 13.6 | 17.7 | 13.6 | 8.7 |