Number of persons, thousands | Males and females | Educational levels total | Native and immigrant population | | 1 040.1 | 1 034.4 | 1 028.4 | 1 019.9 | 1 010.8 | 1 000.4 | 991.3 | 983.7 | 982.2 | 976.2 | 976.7 | 981.0 |
Native population | | 788.9 | 781.1 | 790.3 | 789.6 | 784.0 | 772.7 | 767.5 | 763.9 | 767.2 | 768.2 | 766.1 | 768.1 |
Immigrant population | | 251.2 | 253.3 | 238.2 | 230.4 | 226.8 | 227.7 | 223.9 | 219.8 | 215.0 | 208.0 | 210.6 | 212.8 |
Below upper secondary education | Native and immigrant population | | 264.5 | 255.0 | 234.9 | 223.2 | 213.7 | 201.1 | 186.8 | 179.7 | 174.7 | 172.7 | 169.9 | 162.1 |
Native population | | 220.4 | 209.5 | 199.9 | 188.5 | 181.8 | 171.0 | 159.2 | 153.3 | 147.0 | 149.1 | 149.3 | 140.9 |
Immigrant population | | 44.2 | 45.5 | 35.0 | 34.7 | 31.9 | 30.1 | 27.6 | 26.4 | 27.7 | 23.6 | 20.6 | 21.2 |
..lower secondary education (grade 6) or lower | Native and immigrant population | | 38.0 | 38.7 | 31.4 | 26.5 | 24.7 | 25.5 | 21.4 | 22.2 | 21.7 | 21.3 | 20.4 | 21.4 |
Native population | | 34.5 | 33.0 | 28.2 | 24.5 | 23.4 | 23.8 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 19.0 | 19.1 | 19.6 | 20.4 |
Immigrant population | | 3.5 | 5.7 | 3.1 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 2.2 | .. | 1.0 |
..lower secondary education (grade 9) | Native and immigrant population | | 184.1 | 172.5 | 163.2 | 159.9 | 154.1 | 138.7 | 129.8 | 126.7 | 120.3 | 119.8 | 118.4 | 113.0 |
Native population | | 153.2 | 142.6 | 139.5 | 134.6 | 129.1 | 117.4 | 112.5 | 108.5 | 101.5 | 104.6 | 104.7 | 98.4 |
Immigrant population | | 30.9 | 29.8 | 23.7 | 25.4 | 25.0 | 21.3 | 17.2 | 18.3 | 18.8 | 15.2 | 13.6 | 14.6 |
..lower secondary education - vocational | Native and immigrant population | | 42.4 | 43.8 | 40.4 | 36.7 | 35.0 | 36.9 | 35.6 | 30.7 | 32.8 | 31.6 | 31.1 | 27.6 |
Native population | | 32.7 | 33.8 | 32.2 | 29.5 | 29.4 | 29.8 | 26.7 | 24.8 | 26.5 | 25.4 | 25.0 | 22.1 |
Immigrant population | | 9.8 | 10.0 | 8.2 | 7.2 | 5.6 | 7.0 | 8.9 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 5.5 |
Upper secondary education, post-secondary non-tertiary education | Native and immigrant population | | 482.6 | 472.9 | 489.1 | 480.9 | 477.5 | 480.1 | 479.5 | 475.5 | 476.1 | 466.7 | 457.4 | 463.1 |
Native population | | 354.6 | 344.9 | 364.3 | 363.8 | 361.8 | 360.4 | 364.9 | 363.0 | 366.2 | 358.0 | 350.0 | 357.3 |
Immigrant population | | 128.1 | 127.9 | 124.8 | 117.1 | 115.7 | 119.6 | 114.6 | 112.5 | 109.9 | 108.7 | 107.4 | 105.8 |
..upper secondary education | Native and immigrant population | | 242.3 | 229.4 | 233.7 | 224.5 | 221.7 | 216.7 | 219.3 | 208.9 | 211.3 | 209.0 | 199.9 | 200.7 |
Native population | | 185.3 | 175.0 | 184.9 | 180.1 | 177.6 | 172.0 | 172.3 | 161.7 | 166.0 | 168.0 | 159.7 | 160.3 |
Immigrant population | | 57.1 | 54.4 | 48.8 | 44.4 | 44.1 | 44.7 | 47.0 | 47.2 | 45.2 | 41.0 | 40.1 | 40.5 |
..upper secondary education - vocational | Native and immigrant population | | 186.8 | 193.9 | 200.0 | 197.5 | 193.8 | 195.3 | 189.9 | 194.8 | 194.6 | 181.3 | 179.8 | 178.4 |
Native population | | 135.7 | 139.6 | 145.1 | 145.2 | 141.5 | 140.8 | 141.0 | 147.5 | 147.0 | 133.1 | 132.1 | 131.7 |
Immigrant population | | 51.1 | 54.3 | 54.9 | 52.3 | 52.3 | 54.5 | 48.9 | 47.3 | 47.6 | 48.2 | 47.7 | 46.7 |
..post-secondary non-tertiary education - vocational | Native and immigrant population | | 53.5 | 49.6 | 55.4 | 58.9 | 62.0 | 68.1 | 70.4 | 71.8 | 70.3 | 76.5 | 77.7 | 83.9 |
Native population | | 33.6 | 30.3 | 34.3 | 38.6 | 42.7 | 47.6 | 51.7 | 53.8 | 53.2 | 56.9 | 58.2 | 65.3 |
Immigrant population | | 19.9 | 19.2 | 21.1 | 20.3 | 19.3 | 20.5 | 18.6 | 18.0 | 17.1 | 19.5 | 19.6 | 18.6 |
Tertiary education | Native and immigrant population | | 292.9 | 306.5 | 304.4 | 315.9 | 319.6 | 319.2 | 325.0 | 328.5 | 331.4 | 336.8 | 349.5 | 355.8 |
Native population | | 213.9 | 226.7 | 226.0 | 237.3 | 240.4 | 241.3 | 243.3 | 247.5 | 254.0 | 261.1 | 266.7 | 270.0 |
Immigrant population | | 79.0 | 79.8 | 78.4 | 78.6 | 79.2 | 77.9 | 81.7 | 81.0 | 77.4 | 75.7 | 82.7 | 85.9 |
..professional secondary education based on secondary education | Native and immigrant population | | 83.7 | 87.3 | 85.8 | 77.8 | 78.1 | 69.3 | 67.3 | 66.2 | 62.7 | 59.7 | 57.1 | 60.2 |
Native population | | 52.6 | 58.1 | 56.5 | 47.6 | 48.0 | 44.6 | 40.7 | 42.0 | 40.0 | 36.8 | 34.9 | 37.4 |
Immigrant population | | 31.1 | 29.2 | 29.4 | 30.3 | 30.1 | 24.7 | 26.7 | 24.2 | 22.7 | 22.9 | 22.3 | 22.9 |
..higher education, Master’s and Doctor’s degree | Native and immigrant population | | 209.2 | 219.2 | 218.6 | 238.0 | 241.5 | 249.9 | 257.7 | 262.3 | 268.7 | 277.0 | 292.4 | 295.6 |
Native population | | 161.3 | 168.6 | 169.6 | 189.7 | 192.4 | 196.7 | 202.7 | 205.5 | 214.0 | 224.2 | 231.9 | 232.6 |
Immigrant population | | 47.9 | 50.6 | 49.0 | 48.3 | 49.1 | 53.2 | 55.0 | 56.8 | 54.7 | 52.8 | 60.5 | 63.0 |
Males | Educational levels total | Native and immigrant population | | 492.7 | 490.7 | 488.8 | 485.6 | 482.1 | 478.3 | 475.3 | 472.9 | 473.6 | 472.0 | 473.9 | 477.4 |
Native population | | 376.8 | 370.5 | 382.0 | 383.6 | 383.3 | 378.0 | 376.6 | 373.7 | 376.4 | 374.4 | 373.6 | 380.4 |
Immigrant population | | 115.9 | 120.3 | 106.7 | 102.0 | 98.8 | 100.3 | 98.7 | 99.2 | 97.2 | 97.6 | 100.4 | 97.0 |
Below upper secondary education | Native and immigrant population | | 143.9 | 140.8 | 131.6 | 124.3 | 119.4 | 116.9 | 112.0 | 102.5 | 101.0 | 100.0 | 99.2 | 94.5 |
Native population | | 121.7 | 117.6 | 114.9 | 108.0 | 104.8 | 101.2 | 97.9 | 89.7 | 86.2 | 87.0 | 88.1 | 83.2 |
Immigrant population | | 22.2 | 23.2 | 16.7 | 16.3 | 14.6 | 15.7 | 14.1 | 12.7 | 14.8 | 13.0 | 11.2 | 11.3 |
..lower secondary education (grade 6) or lower | Native and immigrant population | | 22.7 | 21.6 | 18.1 | 15.8 | 13.6 | 14.0 | 11.8 | 12.8 | 13.1 | 10.9 | 11.5 | 11.4 |
Native population | | 21.1 | 18.8 | 17.0 | 14.9 | 13.1 | 13.3 | 11.3 | 11.9 | 11.3 | 9.6 | 11.1 | 10.9 |
Immigrant population | | 1.7 | 2.8 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.8 | 1.2 | .. | .. |
..lower secondary education (grade 9) | Native and immigrant population | | 93.3 | 90.3 | 86.5 | 84.3 | 82.6 | 77.1 | 74.3 | 68.8 | 65.6 | 68.6 | 68.1 | 65.0 |
Native population | | 77.9 | 74.9 | 75.4 | 72.9 | 71.5 | 66.3 | 66.1 | 60.5 | 55.8 | 60.3 | 60.6 | 57.2 |
Immigrant population | | 15.4 | 15.3 | 11.1 | 11.4 | 11.1 | 10.8 | 8.2 | 8.3 | 9.8 | 8.3 | 7.4 | 7.8 |
..lower secondary education - vocational | Native and immigrant population | | 27.9 | 28.9 | 27.0 | 24.3 | 23.2 | 25.8 | 25.9 | 20.8 | 22.3 | 20.5 | 19.7 | 18.1 |
Native population | | 22.7 | 23.8 | 22.6 | 20.3 | 20.2 | 21.6 | 20.5 | 17.3 | 19.0 | 17.0 | 16.4 | 15.0 |
Immigrant population | | 5.2 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 4.3 | 5.4 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.1 |
Upper secondary education, post-secondary non-tertiary education | Native and immigrant population | | 240.9 | 242.4 | 249.2 | 245.5 | 244.3 | 246.0 | 247.2 | 252.9 | 250.4 | 248.2 | 246.2 | 252.2 |
Native population | | 177.2 | 176.6 | 189.5 | 189.8 | 190.1 | 188.2 | 189.8 | 195.2 | 197.8 | 192.8 | 188.6 | 197.0 |
Immigrant population | | 63.7 | 65.9 | 59.7 | 55.7 | 54.2 | 57.8 | 57.4 | 57.7 | 52.6 | 55.4 | 57.5 | 55.2 |
..upper secondary education | Native and immigrant population | | 111.9 | 109.8 | 112.2 | 107.4 | 104.1 | 101.2 | 105.2 | 100.9 | 103.3 | 102.5 | 98.1 | 106.2 |
Native population | | 85.8 | 83.9 | 89.4 | 87.1 | 85.6 | 81.9 | 83.8 | 78.2 | 83.2 | 84.4 | 78.9 | 86.6 |
Immigrant population | | 26.2 | 25.9 | 22.8 | 20.3 | 18.6 | 19.3 | 21.4 | 22.7 | 20.1 | 18.1 | 19.2 | 19.6 |
..upper secondary education - vocational | Native and immigrant population | | 109.6 | 113.8 | 115.3 | 118.7 | 117.0 | 118.1 | 113.9 | 123.0 | 120.1 | 112.5 | 113.7 | 110.8 |
Native population | | 79.7 | 81.8 | 87.3 | 90.6 | 87.9 | 87.4 | 86.2 | 96.0 | 93.7 | 84.4 | 85.6 | 83.1 |
Immigrant population | | 30.0 | 31.9 | 28.0 | 28.2 | 29.1 | 30.6 | 27.7 | 27.0 | 26.5 | 28.2 | 28.1 | 27.7 |
..post-secondary non-tertiary education - vocational | Native and immigrant population | | 19.3 | 18.8 | 21.7 | 19.4 | 23.2 | 26.8 | 28.0 | 28.9 | 26.9 | 33.2 | 34.4 | 35.2 |
Native population | | 11.8 | 10.8 | 12.8 | 12.2 | 16.6 | 18.9 | 19.8 | 21.0 | 20.9 | 24.1 | 24.1 | 27.3 |
Immigrant population | | 7.6 | 8.0 | 8.9 | 7.2 | 6.6 | 7.9 | 8.3 | 7.9 | 6.1 | 9.1 | 10.3 | 7.9 |
Tertiary education | Native and immigrant population | | 107.8 | 107.5 | 107.9 | 115.7 | 118.4 | 115.4 | 116.1 | 117.6 | 122.2 | 123.8 | 128.5 | 130.7 |
Native population | | 77.9 | 76.3 | 77.6 | 85.7 | 88.4 | 88.6 | 88.9 | 88.8 | 92.4 | 94.5 | 96.9 | 100.3 |
Immigrant population | | 29.9 | 31.2 | 30.3 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 26.8 | 27.2 | 28.8 | 29.8 | 29.3 | 31.6 | 30.4 |
..professional secondary education based on secondary education | Native and immigrant population | | 26.8 | 26.2 | 26.7 | 24.4 | 27.2 | 21.7 | 19.8 | 19.1 | 18.3 | 17.8 | 15.7 | 16.9 |
Native population | | 15.9 | 16.4 | 17.3 | 15.1 | 15.9 | 12.4 | 11.6 | 12.2 | 11.3 | 10.9 | 9.1 | 10.4 |
Immigrant population | | 10.9 | 9.8 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 11.4 | 9.3 | 8.3 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.6 | 6.5 |
..higher education, Master’s and Doctor’s degree | Native and immigrant population | | 81.1 | 81.3 | 81.3 | 91.3 | 91.1 | 93.6 | 96.3 | 98.5 | 103.9 | 106.0 | 112.8 | 113.8 |
Native population | | 62.0 | 59.9 | 60.3 | 70.7 | 72.6 | 76.2 | 77.3 | 76.6 | 81.1 | 83.6 | 87.8 | 89.9 |
Immigrant population | | 19.0 | 21.4 | 21.0 | 20.7 | 18.6 | 17.4 | 18.9 | 21.9 | 22.7 | 22.4 | 25.1 | 23.9 |
Females | Educational levels total | Native and immigrant population | | 547.4 | 543.6 | 539.7 | 534.4 | 528.7 | 522.1 | 516.0 | 510.8 | 508.7 | 504.2 | 502.8 | 503.6 |
Native population | | 412.1 | 410.7 | 408.2 | 406.0 | 400.6 | 394.7 | 390.9 | 390.2 | 390.8 | 393.8 | 392.5 | 387.7 |
Immigrant population | | 135.3 | 133.0 | 131.5 | 128.4 | 128.1 | 127.4 | 125.2 | 120.6 | 117.8 | 110.4 | 110.3 | 115.8 |
Below upper secondary education | Native and immigrant population | | 120.6 | 114.2 | 103.3 | 98.8 | 94.3 | 84.2 | 74.8 | 77.2 | 73.7 | 72.7 | 70.6 | 67.6 |
Native population | | 98.7 | 91.9 | 85.0 | 80.4 | 77.0 | 69.8 | 61.3 | 63.6 | 60.9 | 62.1 | 61.2 | 57.8 |
Immigrant population | | 22.0 | 22.3 | 18.3 | 18.4 | 17.3 | 14.4 | 13.5 | 13.7 | 12.9 | 10.7 | 9.4 | 9.8 |
..lower secondary education (grade 6) or lower | Native and immigrant population | | 15.2 | 17.0 | 13.2 | 10.8 | 11.1 | 11.5 | 9.6 | 9.4 | 8.6 | 10.4 | 9.0 | 10.0 |
Native population | | 13.4 | 14.2 | 11.3 | 9.6 | 10.2 | 10.5 | 8.6 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 9.4 | 8.6 | 9.5 |
Immigrant population | | 1.8 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 1.2 | .. | .. | .. | 1.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
..lower secondary education (grade 9) | Native and immigrant population | | 90.9 | 82.2 | 76.7 | 75.6 | 71.5 | 61.6 | 55.5 | 57.9 | 54.7 | 51.2 | 50.3 | 48.0 |
Native population | | 75.3 | 67.7 | 64.1 | 61.7 | 57.6 | 51.1 | 46.4 | 48.0 | 45.7 | 44.3 | 44.1 | 41.2 |
Immigrant population | | 15.5 | 14.5 | 12.6 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 10.6 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 9.0 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 6.8 |
..lower secondary education - vocational | Native and immigrant population | | 14.5 | 14.9 | 13.4 | 12.4 | 11.8 | 11.1 | 9.7 | 9.9 | 10.5 | 11.2 | 11.4 | 9.5 |
Native population | | 9.9 | 10.0 | 9.6 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 8.3 | 6.2 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 8.3 | 8.6 | 7.1 |
Immigrant population | | 4.6 | 4.9 | 3.8 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.5 |
Upper secondary education, post-secondary non-tertiary education | Native and immigrant population | | 241.7 | 230.4 | 239.8 | 235.4 | 233.2 | 234.0 | 232.3 | 222.6 | 225.7 | 218.5 | 211.2 | 210.8 |
Native population | | 177.4 | 168.4 | 174.7 | 174.0 | 171.7 | 172.2 | 175.1 | 167.8 | 168.4 | 165.2 | 161.4 | 160.3 |
Immigrant population | | 64.3 | 62.1 | 65.1 | 61.4 | 61.5 | 61.8 | 57.2 | 54.8 | 57.3 | 53.3 | 49.8 | 50.6 |
..upper secondary education | Native and immigrant population | | 130.4 | 119.6 | 121.5 | 117.1 | 117.6 | 115.5 | 114.1 | 108.0 | 108.0 | 106.5 | 101.8 | 94.5 |
Native population | | 99.5 | 91.1 | 95.5 | 93.0 | 92.0 | 90.1 | 88.5 | 83.5 | 82.8 | 83.6 | 80.8 | 73.6 |
Immigrant population | | 30.9 | 28.5 | 25.9 | 24.1 | 25.6 | 25.4 | 25.6 | 24.5 | 25.2 | 22.9 | 21.0 | 20.9 |
..upper secondary education - vocational | Native and immigrant population | | 77.1 | 80.1 | 84.6 | 78.8 | 76.8 | 77.2 | 75.9 | 71.7 | 74.4 | 68.7 | 66.1 | 67.6 |
Native population | | 56.0 | 57.8 | 57.8 | 54.6 | 53.6 | 53.4 | 54.7 | 51.5 | 53.3 | 48.7 | 46.6 | 48.6 |
Immigrant population | | 21.1 | 22.3 | 26.9 | 24.1 | 23.2 | 23.8 | 21.2 | 20.3 | 21.1 | 20.0 | 19.5 | 19.0 |
..post-secondary non-tertiary education - vocational | Native and immigrant population | | 34.2 | 30.7 | 33.7 | 39.5 | 38.8 | 41.3 | 42.3 | 42.9 | 43.3 | 43.3 | 43.4 | 48.7 |
Native population | | 21.9 | 19.5 | 21.5 | 26.4 | 26.1 | 28.7 | 32.0 | 32.9 | 32.3 | 32.9 | 34.1 | 38.0 |
Immigrant population | | 12.3 | 11.2 | 12.3 | 13.1 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 10.4 | 10.1 | 11.0 | 10.4 | 9.3 | 10.6 |
Tertiary education | Native and immigrant population | | 185.0 | 199.0 | 196.5 | 200.2 | 201.2 | 203.8 | 208.9 | 210.9 | 209.2 | 213.0 | 220.9 | 225.1 |
Native population | | 136.0 | 150.4 | 148.5 | 151.5 | 152.0 | 152.7 | 154.5 | 158.8 | 161.6 | 166.5 | 169.9 | 169.7 |
Immigrant population | | 49.0 | 48.6 | 48.0 | 48.6 | 49.3 | 51.1 | 54.4 | 52.2 | 47.7 | 46.4 | 51.1 | 55.4 |
..professional secondary education based on secondary education | Native and immigrant population | | 56.9 | 61.1 | 59.1 | 53.5 | 50.9 | 47.5 | 47.5 | 47.2 | 44.4 | 41.9 | 41.4 | 43.3 |
Native population | | 36.7 | 41.7 | 39.2 | 32.5 | 32.2 | 32.2 | 29.1 | 29.8 | 28.8 | 25.9 | 25.8 | 27.0 |
Immigrant population | | 20.2 | 19.4 | 20.0 | 21.0 | 18.7 | 15.4 | 18.4 | 17.3 | 15.7 | 16.0 | 15.7 | 16.4 |
..higher education, Master’s and Doctor’s degree | Native and immigrant population | | 128.1 | 137.9 | 137.3 | 146.7 | 150.4 | 156.3 | 161.4 | 163.8 | 164.8 | 171.0 | 179.5 | 181.8 |
Native population | | 99.3 | 108.7 | 109.3 | 119.0 | 119.8 | 120.5 | 125.4 | 128.9 | 132.8 | 140.6 | 144.1 | 142.7 |
Immigrant population | | 28.8 | 29.2 | 28.1 | 27.7 | 30.6 | 35.7 | 36.1 | 34.8 | 32.0 | 30.4 | 35.4 | 39.1 |
Proportion (educational levels total=100), % | Males and females | Educational levels total | Native and immigrant population | | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Native population | | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Immigrant population | | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Below upper secondary education | Native and immigrant population | | 25.4 | 24.7 | 22.8 | 21.9 | 21.1 | 20.1 | 18.8 | 18.3 | 17.8 | 17.7 | 17.4 | 16.5 |
Native population | | 27.9 | 26.8 | 25.3 | 23.9 | 23.2 | 22.1 | 20.7 | 20.1 | 19.2 | 19.4 | 19.5 | 18.3 |
Immigrant population | | 17.6 | 18.0 | 14.7 | 15.0 | 14.1 | 13.2 | 12.3 | 12.0 | 12.9 | 11.4 | 9.8 | 10.0 |
..lower secondary education (grade 6) or lower | Native and immigrant population | | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.2 |
Native population | | 4.4 | 4.2 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.7 |
Immigrant population | | 1.4 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.1 | .. | 0.5 |
..lower secondary education (grade 9) | Native and immigrant population | | 17.7 | 16.7 | 15.9 | 15.7 | 15.2 | 13.9 | 13.1 | 12.9 | 12.2 | 12.3 | 12.1 | 11.5 |
Native population | | 19.4 | 18.3 | 17.7 | 17.0 | 16.5 | 15.2 | 14.7 | 14.2 | 13.2 | 13.6 | 13.7 | 12.8 |
Immigrant population | | 12.3 | 11.8 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 9.4 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 8.7 | 7.3 | 6.5 | 6.9 |
..lower secondary education - vocational | Native and immigrant population | | 4.1 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 2.8 |
Native population | | 4.1 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 2.9 |
Immigrant population | | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 4.0 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.6 |
Upper secondary education, post-secondary non-tertiary education | Native and immigrant population | | 46.4 | 45.7 | 47.6 | 47.2 | 47.2 | 48.0 | 48.4 | 48.3 | 48.5 | 47.8 | 46.8 | 47.2 |
Native population | | 44.9 | 44.2 | 46.1 | 46.1 | 46.1 | 46.6 | 47.5 | 47.5 | 47.7 | 46.6 | 45.7 | 46.5 |
Immigrant population | | 51.0 | 50.5 | 52.4 | 50.8 | 51.0 | 52.6 | 51.2 | 51.2 | 51.1 | 52.2 | 51.0 | 49.7 |
..upper secondary education | Native and immigrant population | | 23.3 | 22.2 | 22.7 | 22.0 | 21.9 | 21.7 | 22.1 | 21.2 | 21.5 | 21.4 | 20.5 | 20.5 |
Native population | | 23.5 | 22.4 | 23.4 | 22.8 | 22.6 | 22.3 | 22.4 | 21.2 | 21.6 | 21.9 | 20.9 | 20.9 |
Immigrant population | | 22.7 | 21.5 | 20.5 | 19.3 | 19.4 | 19.6 | 21.0 | 21.5 | 21.0 | 19.7 | 19.1 | 19.0 |
..upper secondary education - vocational | Native and immigrant population | | 18.0 | 18.7 | 19.4 | 19.4 | 19.2 | 19.5 | 19.2 | 19.8 | 19.8 | 18.6 | 18.4 | 18.2 |
Native population | | 17.2 | 17.9 | 18.4 | 18.4 | 18.1 | 18.2 | 18.4 | 19.3 | 19.2 | 17.3 | 17.2 | 17.1 |
Immigrant population | | 20.3 | 21.4 | 23.0 | 22.7 | 23.1 | 23.9 | 21.8 | 21.5 | 22.1 | 23.2 | 22.6 | 22.0 |
..post-secondary non-tertiary education - vocational | Native and immigrant population | | 5.1 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 6.8 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 7.8 | 8.0 | 8.6 |
Native population | | 4.3 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 5.4 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 8.5 |
Immigrant population | | 7.9 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 8.8 | 8.5 | 9.0 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 8.7 |
Tertiary education | Native and immigrant population | | 28.2 | 29.6 | 29.6 | 31.0 | 31.6 | 31.9 | 32.8 | 33.4 | 33.7 | 34.5 | 35.8 | 36.3 |
Native population | | 27.1 | 29.0 | 28.6 | 30.1 | 30.7 | 31.2 | 31.7 | 32.4 | 33.1 | 34.0 | 34.8 | 35.1 |
Immigrant population | | 31.4 | 31.5 | 32.9 | 34.1 | 34.9 | 34.2 | 36.5 | 36.8 | 36.0 | 36.4 | 39.3 | 40.3 |
..professional secondary education based on secondary education | Native and immigrant population | | 8.0 | 8.4 | 8.3 | 7.6 | 7.7 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 6.1 |
Native population | | 6.7 | 7.4 | 7.1 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.9 |
Immigrant population | | 12.4 | 11.5 | 12.3 | 13.1 | 13.3 | 10.9 | 11.9 | 11.0 | 10.5 | 11.0 | 10.6 | 10.7 |
..higher education, Master’s and Doctor’s degree | Native and immigrant population | | 20.1 | 21.2 | 21.3 | 23.3 | 23.9 | 25.0 | 26.0 | 26.7 | 27.4 | 28.4 | 29.9 | 30.1 |
Native population | | 20.4 | 21.6 | 21.5 | 24.0 | 24.5 | 25.5 | 26.4 | 26.9 | 27.9 | 29.2 | 30.3 | 30.3 |
Immigrant population | | 19.1 | 20.0 | 20.6 | 21.0 | 21.7 | 23.4 | 24.6 | 25.8 | 25.5 | 25.4 | 28.7 | 29.6 |
Males | Educational levels total | Native and immigrant population | | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Native population | | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Immigrant population | | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Below upper secondary education | Native and immigrant population | | 29.2 | 28.7 | 26.9 | 25.6 | 24.8 | 24.4 | 23.6 | 21.7 | 21.3 | 21.2 | 20.9 | 19.8 |
Native population | | 32.3 | 31.7 | 30.1 | 28.2 | 27.4 | 26.8 | 26.0 | 24.0 | 22.9 | 23.2 | 23.6 | 21.9 |
Immigrant population | | 19.2 | 19.3 | 15.6 | 15.9 | 14.8 | 15.6 | 14.3 | 12.8 | 15.3 | 13.3 | 11.1 | 11.7 |
..lower secondary education (grade 6) or lower | Native and immigrant population | | 4.6 | 4.4 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 |
Native population | | 5.6 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 2.9 |
Immigrant population | | 1.4 | 2.4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.8 | 1.3 | .. | .. |
..lower secondary education (grade 9) | Native and immigrant population | | 18.9 | 18.4 | 17.7 | 17.4 | 17.1 | 16.1 | 15.6 | 14.5 | 13.8 | 14.5 | 14.4 | 13.6 |
Native population | | 20.7 | 20.2 | 19.7 | 19.0 | 18.7 | 17.5 | 17.6 | 16.2 | 14.8 | 16.1 | 16.2 | 15.0 |
Immigrant population | | 13.3 | 12.7 | 10.4 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 10.7 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 10.0 | 8.5 | 7.4 | 8.0 |
..lower secondary education - vocational | Native and immigrant population | | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 3.8 |
Native population | | 6.0 | 6.4 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 3.9 |
Immigrant population | | 4.4 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 4.3 | 5.5 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.2 |
Upper secondary education, post-secondary non-tertiary education | Native and immigrant population | | 48.9 | 49.4 | 51.0 | 50.6 | 50.7 | 51.4 | 52.0 | 53.5 | 52.9 | 52.6 | 51.9 | 52.8 |
Native population | | 47.0 | 47.7 | 49.6 | 49.5 | 49.6 | 49.8 | 50.4 | 52.2 | 52.5 | 51.5 | 50.5 | 51.8 |
Immigrant population | | 55.0 | 54.8 | 55.9 | 54.7 | 54.9 | 57.6 | 58.2 | 58.1 | 54.1 | 56.7 | 57.3 | 56.9 |
..upper secondary education | Native and immigrant population | | 22.7 | 22.4 | 23.0 | 22.1 | 21.6 | 21.2 | 22.1 | 21.3 | 21.8 | 21.7 | 20.7 | 22.2 |
Native population | | 22.8 | 22.7 | 23.4 | 22.7 | 22.3 | 21.7 | 22.3 | 20.9 | 22.1 | 22.5 | 21.1 | 22.8 |
Immigrant population | | 22.6 | 21.5 | 21.4 | 19.9 | 18.8 | 19.3 | 21.7 | 22.9 | 20.6 | 18.5 | 19.1 | 20.2 |
..upper secondary education - vocational | Native and immigrant population | | 22.3 | 23.2 | 23.6 | 24.5 | 24.3 | 24.7 | 24.0 | 26.0 | 25.4 | 23.8 | 24.0 | 23.2 |
Native population | | 21.1 | 22.1 | 22.9 | 23.6 | 22.9 | 23.1 | 22.9 | 25.7 | 24.9 | 22.5 | 22.9 | 21.8 |
Immigrant population | | 25.9 | 26.6 | 26.2 | 27.6 | 29.4 | 30.5 | 28.0 | 27.2 | 27.2 | 28.8 | 28.0 | 28.6 |
..post-secondary non-tertiary education - vocational | Native and immigrant population | | 3.9 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 7.0 | 7.2 | 7.4 |
Native population | | 3.1 | 2.9 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 7.2 |
Immigrant population | | 6.5 | 6.7 | 8.3 | 7.1 | 6.7 | 7.8 | 8.4 | 8.0 | 6.3 | 9.3 | 10.2 | 8.2 |
Tertiary education | Native and immigrant population | | 21.9 | 21.9 | 22.1 | 23.8 | 24.6 | 24.1 | 24.4 | 24.9 | 25.8 | 26.2 | 27.1 | 27.4 |
Native population | | 20.7 | 20.6 | 20.3 | 22.3 | 23.1 | 23.4 | 23.6 | 23.7 | 24.6 | 25.3 | 25.9 | 26.4 |
Immigrant population | | 25.8 | 25.9 | 28.4 | 29.4 | 30.3 | 26.7 | 27.6 | 29.0 | 30.6 | 30.0 | 31.5 | 31.4 |
..professional secondary education based on secondary education | Native and immigrant population | | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 3.5 |
Native population | | 4.2 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.7 |
Immigrant population | | 9.4 | 8.1 | 8.8 | 9.1 | 11.5 | 9.3 | 8.4 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 6.6 | 6.7 |
..higher education, Master’s and Doctor’s degree | Native and immigrant population | | 16.5 | 16.6 | 16.6 | 18.8 | 18.9 | 19.6 | 20.3 | 20.8 | 21.9 | 22.5 | 23.8 | 23.8 |
Native population | | 16.5 | 16.2 | 15.8 | 18.4 | 18.9 | 20.2 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 21.6 | 22.3 | 23.5 | 23.6 |
Immigrant population | | 16.4 | 17.8 | 19.6 | 20.3 | 18.8 | 17.4 | 19.2 | 22.1 | 23.4 | 22.9 | 25.0 | 24.7 |
Females | Educational levels total | Native and immigrant population | | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Native population | | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Immigrant population | | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Below upper secondary education | Native and immigrant population | | 22.0 | 21.0 | 19.1 | 18.5 | 17.8 | 16.1 | 14.5 | 15.1 | 14.5 | 14.4 | 14.0 | 13.4 |
Native population | | 23.9 | 22.4 | 20.8 | 19.8 | 19.2 | 17.7 | 15.7 | 16.3 | 15.6 | 15.8 | 15.6 | 14.9 |
Immigrant population | | 16.2 | 16.8 | 13.9 | 14.3 | 13.5 | 11.3 | 10.8 | 11.3 | 10.9 | 9.7 | 8.5 | 8.5 |
..lower secondary education (grade 6) or lower | Native and immigrant population | | 2.8 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 2.0 |
Native population | | 3.3 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.4 |
Immigrant population | | 1.3 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 1.0 | .. | .. | .. | 1.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
..lower secondary education (grade 9) | Native and immigrant population | | 16.6 | 15.1 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 13.5 | 11.8 | 10.7 | 11.3 | 10.8 | 10.1 | 10.0 | 9.5 |
Native population | | 18.3 | 16.5 | 15.7 | 15.2 | 14.4 | 12.9 | 11.9 | 12.3 | 11.7 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 10.6 |
Immigrant population | | 11.5 | 10.9 | 9.6 | 10.8 | 10.9 | 8.3 | 7.2 | 8.3 | 7.7 | 6.2 | 5.6 | 5.9 |
..lower secondary education - vocational | Native and immigrant population | | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 1.9 |
Native population | | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 1.8 |
Immigrant population | | 3.4 | 3.7 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.1 |
Upper secondary education, post-secondary non-tertiary education | Native and immigrant population | | 44.2 | 42.4 | 44.4 | 44.0 | 44.1 | 44.8 | 45.0 | 43.6 | 44.4 | 43.3 | 42.0 | 41.9 |
Native population | | 43.0 | 41.0 | 42.8 | 42.9 | 42.9 | 43.6 | 44.8 | 43.0 | 43.1 | 41.9 | 41.1 | 41.3 |
Immigrant population | | 47.5 | 46.7 | 49.5 | 47.8 | 48.0 | 48.5 | 45.7 | 45.4 | 48.6 | 48.3 | 45.2 | 43.6 |
..upper secondary education | Native and immigrant population | | 23.8 | 22.0 | 22.5 | 21.9 | 22.2 | 22.1 | 22.1 | 21.1 | 21.2 | 21.1 | 20.2 | 18.8 |
Native population | | 24.1 | 22.2 | 23.4 | 22.9 | 23.0 | 22.8 | 22.6 | 21.4 | 21.2 | 21.2 | 20.6 | 19.0 |
Immigrant population | | 22.8 | 21.5 | 19.7 | 18.8 | 20.0 | 19.9 | 20.5 | 20.3 | 21.4 | 20.8 | 19.0 | 18.0 |
..upper secondary education - vocational | Native and immigrant population | | 14.1 | 14.7 | 15.7 | 14.7 | 14.5 | 14.8 | 14.7 | 14.0 | 14.6 | 13.6 | 13.1 | 13.4 |
Native population | | 13.6 | 14.1 | 14.1 | 13.5 | 13.4 | 13.5 | 14.0 | 13.2 | 13.6 | 12.4 | 11.9 | 12.5 |
Immigrant population | | 15.6 | 16.8 | 20.5 | 18.8 | 18.1 | 18.7 | 17.0 | 16.8 | 17.9 | 18.1 | 17.7 | 16.4 |
..post-secondary non-tertiary education - vocational | Native and immigrant population | | 6.2 | 5.7 | 6.2 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 7.9 | 8.2 | 8.4 | 8.5 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 9.7 |
Native population | | 5.3 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 7.3 | 8.2 | 8.4 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.7 | 9.8 |
Immigrant population | | 9.1 | 8.4 | 9.3 | 10.2 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 9.3 | 9.4 | 8.4 | 9.2 |
Tertiary education | Native and immigrant population | | 33.8 | 36.6 | 36.4 | 37.5 | 38.1 | 39.0 | 40.5 | 41.3 | 41.1 | 42.2 | 43.9 | 44.7 |
Native population | | 33.0 | 36.6 | 36.4 | 37.3 | 37.9 | 38.7 | 39.5 | 40.7 | 41.3 | 42.3 | 43.3 | 43.8 |
Immigrant population | | 36.2 | 36.6 | 36.5 | 37.9 | 38.5 | 40.1 | 43.5 | 43.2 | 40.5 | 42.1 | 46.3 | 47.9 |
..professional secondary education based on secondary education | Native and immigrant population | | 10.4 | 11.2 | 11.0 | 10.0 | 9.6 | 9.1 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 8.7 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 8.6 |