| Total | Males and females | Labour force, thousands | | 683.0 | 672.6 | 659.8 | 685.3 | 677.8 | 664.5 | 672.5 | 669.8 | 669.3 | 692.7 | 689.2 | 693.9 | 687.0 | 681.9 | 688.0 | 683.4 | 680.0 | 674.4 | 683.1 | 691.4 | 698.8 | 702.4 | 702.6 |
| ..employed, thousands | | 617.2 | 606.5 | 579.3 | 585.3 | 589.6 | 589.9 | 602.9 | 601.9 | 615.6 | 651.7 | 657.6 | 656.0 | 593.9 | 568.0 | 603.2 | 614.9 | 621.3 | 624.8 | 640.9 | 644.6 | 658.6 | 664.7 | 671.3 |
| ..unemployed, thousands | | 65.8 | 66.1 | 80.5 | 100.0 | 88.2 | 74.6 | 69.5 | 67.9 | 53.8 | 41.0 | 31.6 | 37.8 | 93.1 | 113.9 | 84.8 | 68.5 | 58.7 | 49.6 | 42.3 | 46.7 | 40.3 | 37.7 | 31.3 |
| Inactive, thousands | | 372.8 | 378.5 | 387.0 | 389.8 | 394.5 | 404.1 | 393.3 | 392.7 | 390.1 | 361.2 | 357.0 | 346.2 | 347.4 | 346.6 | 331.9 | 327.4 | 320.3 | 316.9 | 300.5 | 290.8 | 277.3 | 274.3 | 278.4 |
| Labour force and inactive total, thousands | | 1 055.8 | 1 051.1 | 1 046.8 | 1 075.1 | 1 072.3 | 1 068.6 | 1 065.8 | 1 062.5 | 1 059.4 | 1 053.9 | 1 046.3 | 1 040.1 | 1 034.4 | 1 028.4 | 1 019.9 | 1 010.8 | 1 000.4 | 991.3 | 983.7 | 982.2 | 976.2 | 976.7 | 981.0 |
| Labour force participation rate, % | | 64.7 | 64.0 | 63.0 | 63.7 | 63.2 | 62.2 | 63.1 | 63.0 | 63.2 | 65.7 | 65.9 | 66.7 | 66.4 | 66.3 | 67.5 | 67.6 | 68.0 | 68.0 | 69.4 | 70.4 | 71.6 | 71.9 | 71.6 |
| Employment rate, % | | 58.5 | 57.7 | 55.3 | 54.4 | 55.0 | 55.2 | 56.6 | 56.7 | 58.1 | 61.8 | 62.9 | 63.1 | 57.4 | 55.2 | 59.1 | 60.8 | 62.1 | 63.0 | 65.2 | 65.6 | 67.5 | 68.1 | 68.4 |
| Unemployment rate, % | | 9.6 | 9.8 | 12.2 | 14.6 | 13.0 | 11.2 | 10.3 | 10.1 | 8.0 | 5.9 | 4.6 | 5.5 | 13.5 | 16.7 | 12.3 | 10.0 | 8.6 | 7.4 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 4.4 |
| Males | Labour force, thousands | | 354.4 | 346.7 | 339.9 | 352.8 | 347.9 | 339.8 | 342.2 | 338.8 | 334.9 | 351.6 | 353.9 | 354.7 | 349.6 | 343.8 | 348.2 | 347.3 | 346.2 | 347.3 | 349.8 | 355.8 | 360.1 | 362.0 | 360.8 |
| ..employed, thousands | | 318.8 | 309.3 | 294.2 | 296.8 | 299.9 | 297.8 | 305.3 | 301.1 | 304.3 | 329.7 | 334.9 | 334.3 | 291.3 | 277.6 | 302.7 | 309.4 | 314.7 | 320.0 | 327.9 | 329.4 | 337.8 | 342.4 | 346.1 |
| ..unemployed, thousands | | 35.6 | 37.4 | 45.7 | 56.0 | 48.0 | 42.0 | 36.9 | 37.7 | 30.7 | 21.9 | 19.1 | 20.4 | 58.3 | 66.3 | 45.5 | 37.9 | 31.5 | 27.3 | 21.8 | 26.4 | 22.3 | 19.6 | 14.7 |
| Inactive, thousands | | 133.5 | 139.4 | 144.7 | 151.9 | 156.4 | 163.3 | 159.8 | 162.3 | 165.0 | 146.6 | 141.2 | 138.0 | 141.2 | 144.9 | 137.4 | 134.8 | 132.1 | 128.0 | 123.2 | 117.8 | 111.9 | 111.9 | 116.7 |
| Labour force and inactive total, thousands | | 487.9 | 486.1 | 484.6 | 504.7 | 504.3 | 503.1 | 502.0 | 501.2 | 499.9 | 498.2 | 495.1 | 492.7 | 490.7 | 488.8 | 485.6 | 482.1 | 478.3 | 475.3 | 472.9 | 473.6 | 472.0 | 473.9 | 477.4 |
| Labour force participation rate, % | | 72.6 | 71.3 | 70.1 | 69.9 | 69.0 | 67.5 | 68.2 | 67.6 | 67.0 | 70.6 | 71.5 | 72.0 | 71.2 | 70.3 | 71.7 | 72.0 | 72.4 | 73.1 | 74.0 | 75.1 | 76.3 | 76.4 | 75.6 |
| Employment rate, % | | 65.3 | 63.6 | 60.7 | 58.8 | 59.5 | 59.2 | 60.8 | 60.1 | 60.9 | 66.2 | 67.6 | 67.9 | 59.4 | 56.8 | 62.3 | 64.2 | 65.8 | 67.3 | 69.3 | 69.6 | 71.6 | 72.3 | 72.5 |
| Unemployment rate, % | | 10.1 | 10.8 | 13.4 | 15.9 | 13.8 | 12.4 | 10.8 | 11.1 | 9.2 | 6.2 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 16.7 | 19.3 | 13.1 | 10.9 | 9.1 | 7.9 | 6.2 | 7.4 | 6.2 | 5.4 | 4.1 |
| Females | Labour force, thousands | | 328.6 | 326.0 | 319.9 | 332.5 | 330.0 | 324.7 | 330.3 | 331.0 | 334.4 | 341.0 | 335.3 | 339.1 | 337.4 | 338.1 | 339.8 | 336.1 | 333.8 | 327.1 | 333.4 | 335.6 | 338.8 | 340.4 | 341.8 |
| ..employed, thousands | | 298.5 | 297.2 | 285.1 | 288.5 | 289.8 | 292.1 | 297.6 | 300.8 | 311.3 | 322.0 | 322.7 | 321.7 | 302.6 | 290.4 | 300.5 | 305.5 | 306.6 | 304.8 | 312.9 | 315.3 | 320.8 | 322.3 | 325.2 |
| ..unemployed, thousands | | 30.2 | 28.7 | 34.8 | 44.1 | 40.2 | 32.6 | 32.6 | 30.2 | 23.1 | 19.0 | 12.6 | 17.4 | 34.8 | 47.7 | 39.3 | 30.6 | 27.2 | 22.3 | 20.5 | 20.4 | 18.0 | 18.1 | 16.6 |
| Inactive, thousands | | 239.2 | 239.1 | 242.3 | 237.9 | 238.1 | 240.8 | 233.5 | 230.3 | 225.1 | 214.6 | 215.8 | 208.3 | 206.2 | 201.6 | 194.6 | 192.6 | 188.2 | 189.0 | 177.4 | 173.0 | 165.4 | 162.4 | 161.8 |
| Labour force and inactive total, thousands | | 567.8 | 565.0 | 562.1 | 570.5 | 568.0 | 565.5 | 563.7 | 561.3 | 559.5 | 555.7 | 551.2 | 547.4 | 543.6 | 539.7 | 534.4 | 528.7 | 522.1 | 516.0 | 510.8 | 508.7 | 504.2 | 502.8 | 503.6 |
| Labour force participation rate, % | | 57.9 | 57.7 | 56.9 | 58.3 | 58.1 | 57.4 | 58.6 | 59.0 | 59.8 | 61.4 | 60.8 | 62.0 | 62.1 | 62.6 | 63.6 | 63.6 | 63.9 | 63.4 | 65.3 | 66.0 | 67.2 | 67.7 | 67.9 |
| Employment rate, % | | 52.6 | 52.6 | 50.7 | 50.6 | 51.0 | 51.7 | 52.8 | 53.6 | 55.6 | 57.9 | 58.6 | 58.8 | 55.7 | 53.8 | 56.2 | 57.8 | 58.7 | 59.1 | 61.3 | 62.0 | 63.6 | 64.1 | 64.6 |
| Unemployment rate, % | | 9.2 | 8.8 | 10.9 | 13.2 | 12.2 | 10.0 | 9.9 | 9.1 | 6.9 | 5.6 | 3.8 | 5.1 | 10.3 | 14.1 | 11.6 | 9.1 | 8.2 | 6.8 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 4.8 |
| Estonian citizenship | Males and females | Labour force, thousands | | 542.3 | 535.0 | 524.6 | 544.2 | 536.8 | 535.0 | 541.4 | 538.0 | 547.9 | 569.4 | 570.7 | 570.1 | 559.9 | 560.0 | 575.8 | 573.2 | 573.8 | 574.9 | 587.3 | 590.6 | 596.0 | 597.6 | 598.3 |
| ..employed, thousands | | 498.2 | 491.4 | 469.5 | 473.5 | 477.9 | 486.2 | 495.5 | 496.6 | 512.9 | 542.0 | 548.7 | 544.5 | 494.9 | 481.5 | 514.8 | 524.5 | 530.3 | 537.7 | 553.8 | 555.6 | 565.8 | 570.0 | 574.3 |
| ..unemployed, thousands | | 44.0 | 43.7 | 55.1 | 70.7 | 58.9 | 48.8 | 45.9 | 41.4 | 34.9 | 27.4 | 22.1 | 25.6 | 65.1 | 78.5 | 60.9 | 48.6 | 43.4 | 37.2 | 33.5 | 35.0 | 30.1 | 27.6 | 24.0 |
| Inactive, thousands | | 292.2 | 296.8 | 307.0 | 313.6 | 315.7 | 327.2 | 317.3 | 312.6 | 317.3 | 298.8 | 295.1 | 287.1 | 290.0 | 295.3 | 281.0 | 275.0 | 270.9 | 265.5 | 248.7 | 241.3 | 231.1 | 227.0 | 232.0 |
| Labour force and inactive total, thousands | | 834.4 | 831.8 | 831.6 | 857.8 | 852.5 | 862.2 | 858.7 | 850.6 | 865.1 | 868.2 | 865.9 | 857.2 | 849.9 | 855.3 | 856.7 | 848.1 | 844.7 | 840.4 | 836.0 | 831.8 | 827.1 | 824.6 | 830.3 |
| Labour force participation rate, % | | 65.0 | 64.3 | 63.1 | 63.4 | 63.0 | 62.0 | 63.0 | 63.3 | 63.3 | 65.6 | 65.9 | 66.5 | 65.9 | 65.5 | 67.2 | 67.6 | 67.9 | 68.4 | 70.3 | 71.0 | 72.1 | 72.5 | 72.1 |
| Employment rate, % | | 59.7 | 59.1 | 56.5 | 55.2 | 56.1 | 56.4 | 57.7 | 58.4 | 59.3 | 62.4 | 63.4 | 63.5 | 58.2 | 56.3 | 60.1 | 61.8 | 62.8 | 64.0 | 66.2 | 66.8 | 68.4 | 69.1 | 69.2 |
| Unemployment rate, % | | 8.1 | 8.2 | 10.5 | 13.0 | 11.0 | 9.1 | 8.5 | 7.7 | 6.4 | 4.8 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 11.6 | 14.0 | 10.6 | 8.5 | 7.6 | 6.5 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 4.0 |
| Males | Labour force, thousands | | 274.6 | 268.8 | 262.2 | 272.9 | 270.7 | 269.5 | 273.6 | 269.8 | 267.4 | 279.0 | 284.9 | 282.0 | 275.3 | 276.1 | 282.0 | 281.8 | 285.4 | 287.8 | 292.2 | 295.6 | 295.1 | 296.1 | 300.1 |
| ..employed, thousands | | 251.2 | 245.2 | 231.0 | 233.1 | 237.6 | 242.0 | 247.6 | 245.9 | 247.0 | 264.4 | 271.2 | 268.4 | 235.7 | 230.4 | 251.0 | 255.1 | 262.6 | 267.6 | 275.1 | 276.2 | 279.2 | 282.4 | 288.7 |
| ..unemployed, thousands | | 23.4 | 23.6 | 31.2 | 39.8 | 33.1 | 27.5 | 26.0 | 23.9 | 20.5 | 14.7 | 13.8 | 13.6 | 39.5 | 45.6 | 31.0 | 26.7 | 22.8 | 20.2 | 17.1 | 19.4 | 15.9 | 13.7 | 11.4 |
| Inactive, thousands | | 103.7 | 107.8 | 114.6 | 123.4 | 123.1 | 131.3 | 128.7 | 131.1 | 136.0 | 123.3 | 118.1 | 113.3 | 113.8 | 123.9 | 118.5 | 115.5 | 111.9 | 108.8 | 102.6 | 99.3 | 93.8 | 90.8 | 98.1 |
| Labour force and inactive total, thousands | | 378.4 | 376.6 | 376.8 | 396.3 | 393.8 | 400.8 | 402.3 | 400.9 | 403.5 | 402.4 | 403.1 | 395.3 | 389.1 | 400.0 | 400.5 | 397.3 | 397.3 | 396.6 | 394.8 | 394.9 | 388.9 | 386.9 | 398.2 |
| Labour force participation rate, % | | 72.6 | 71.4 | 69.6 | 68.9 | 68.7 | 67.2 | 68.0 | 67.3 | 66.3 | 69.3 | 70.7 | 71.3 | 70.7 | 69.0 | 70.4 | 70.9 | 71.8 | 72.6 | 74.0 | 74.8 | 75.9 | 76.5 | 75.4 |
| Employment rate, % | | 66.4 | 65.1 | 61.3 | 58.8 | 60.3 | 60.4 | 61.5 | 61.3 | 61.2 | 65.7 | 67.3 | 67.9 | 60.6 | 57.6 | 62.7 | 64.2 | 66.1 | 67.5 | 69.7 | 69.9 | 71.8 | 73.0 | 72.5 |
| Unemployment rate, % | | 8.5 | 8.8 | 11.9 | 14.6 | 12.2 | 10.2 | 9.5 | 8.8 | 7.7 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 14.4 | 16.5 | 11.0 | 9.5 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 5.9 | 6.5 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 3.8 |
| Females | Labour force, thousands | | 267.6 | 266.3 | 262.4 | 271.3 | 266.1 | 265.5 | 267.8 | 268.3 | 280.4 | 290.4 | 285.8 | 288.1 | 284.7 | 283.9 | 293.8 | 291.3 | 288.4 | 287.1 | 295.1 | 295.0 | 300.8 | 301.5 | 298.2 |
| ..employed, thousands | | 247.0 | 246.2 | 238.5 | 240.4 | 240.2 | 244.2 | 247.9 | 250.7 | 265.9 | 277.6 | 277.5 | 276.1 | 259.1 | 251.0 | 263.9 | 269.5 | 267.8 | 270.1 | 278.7 | 279.4 | 286.6 | 287.6 | 285.5 |
| ..unemployed, thousands | | 20.6 | 20.1 | 23.9 | 30.9 | 25.9 | 21.3 | 19.9 | 17.5 | 14.5 | 12.8 | 8.3 | 12.0 | 25.5 | 32.9 | 29.9 | 21.9 | 20.6 | 17.0 | 16.4 | 15.6 | 14.2 | 13.9 | 12.6 |
| Inactive, thousands | | 188.4 | 188.9 | 192.4 | 190.2 | 192.6 | 196.0 | 188.6 | 181.5 | 181.2 | 175.5 | 177.0 | 173.8 | 176.2 | 171.3 | 162.5 | 159.5 | 159.1 | 156.7 | 146.1 | 141.9 | 137.3 | 136.3 | 133.9 |
| Labour force and inactive total, thousands | | 456.1 | 455.2 | 454.8 | 461.5 | 458.7 | 461.5 | 456.4 | 449.7 | 461.6 | 465.8 | 462.8 | 461.9 | 460.8 | 455.3 | 456.3 | 450.9 | 447.4 | 443.8 | 441.2 | 436.9 | 438.2 | 437.7 | 432.1 |
| Labour force participation rate, % | | 58.7 | 58.5 | 57.7 | 58.8 | 58.0 | 57.5 | 58.7 | 59.6 | 60.7 | 62.3 | 61.8 | 62.4 | 61.8 | 62.4 | 64.4 | 64.6 | 64.5 | 64.7 | 66.9 | 67.5 | 68.7 | 68.9 | 69.0 |
| Employment rate, % | | 54.2 | 54.1 | 52.4 | 52.1 | 52.4 | 52.9 | 54.3 | 55.8 | 57.6 | 59.6 | 60.0 | 59.8 | 56.2 | 55.1 | 57.8 | 59.8 | 59.8 | 60.9 | 63.2 | 63.9 | 65.4 | 65.7 | 66.1 |
| Unemployment rate, % | | 7.7 | 7.5 | 9.1 | 11.4 | 9.7 | 8.0 | 7.4 | 6.5 | 5.2 | 4.4 | 2.9 | 4.2 | 9.0 | 11.6 | 10.2 | 7.5 | 7.1 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.2 |
| Other citizenship | Males and females | Labour force, thousands | | 140.8 | 137.6 | 135.2 | 141.1 | 141.0 | 129.5 | 131.1 | 131.8 | 121.5 | 123.3 | 118.5 | 123.8 | 127.0 | 121.9 | 112.2 | 110.3 | 106.2 | 99.5 | 95.8 | 100.8 | 102.9 | 104.9 | 104.3 |
| ..employed, thousands | | 119.0 | 115.1 | 109.8 | 111.8 | 111.8 | 103.7 | 107.4 | 105.3 | 102.6 | 109.7 | 108.9 | 111.5 | 99.0 | 86.5 | 88.3 | 90.4 | 91.0 | 87.2 | 87.1 | 89.1 | 92.8 | 94.7 | 97.0 |
| ..unemployed, thousands | | 21.8 | 22.4 | 25.4 | 29.3 | 29.2 | 25.8 | 23.6 | 26.5 | 18.8 | 13.5 | 9.6 | 12.2 | 28.0 | 35.4 | 23.9 | 19.9 | 15.2 | 12.4 | 8.8 | 11.8 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 7.3 |
| Inactive, thousands | | 80.6 | 81.7 | 80.0 | 76.2 | 78.8 | 76.9 | 75.9 | 80.1 | 72.8 | 62.4 | 61.9 | 59.1 | 57.4 | 51.3 | 51.0 | 52.4 | 49.4 | 51.4 | 51.9 | 49.6 | 46.2 | 47.3 | 46.4 |
| Labour force and inactive total, thousands | | 221.4 | 219.3 | 215.2 | 217.3 | 219.8 | 206.4 | 207.0 | 211.9 | 194.3 | 185.7 | 180.4 | 182.8 | 184.4 | 173.2 | 163.2 | 162.6 | 155.6 | 150.9 | 147.7 | 150.4 | 149.1 | 152.1 | 150.7 |
| Labour force participation rate, % | | 63.6 | 62.7 | 62.8 | 64.9 | 64.2 | 62.7 | 63.3 | 62.2 | 62.5 | 66.4 | 65.7 | 67.7 | 68.9 | 70.4 | 68.8 | 67.8 | 68.3 | 66.0 | 64.9 | 67.0 | 69.0 | 68.9 | 69.2 |
| Employment rate, % | | 53.8 | 52.5 | 51.0 | 51.4 | 50.9 | 50.3 | 51.9 | 49.7 | 52.8 | 59.1 | 60.4 | 61.0 | 53.7 | 50.0 | 54.1 | 55.6 | 58.5 | 57.7 | 59.0 | 59.2 | 62.2 | 62.3 | 64.4 |
| Unemployment rate, % | | 15.5 | 16.3 | 18.8 | 20.8 | 20.7 | 19.9 | 18.0 | 20.1 | 15.5 | 11.0 | 8.1 | 9.9 | 22.1 | 29.0 | 21.3 | 18.0 | 14.3 | 12.4 | 9.2 | 11.7 | 9.8 | 9.7 | 7.0 |
| Males | Labour force, thousands | | 79.8 | 77.9 | 77.7 | 79.9 | 77.2 | 70.3 | 68.6 | 69.1 | 67.5 | 72.6 | 69.0 | 72.7 | 74.3 | 67.8 | 66.2 | 65.5 | 60.8 | 59.6 | 57.5 | 60.2 | 65.0 | 65.9 | 60.7 |
| ..employed, thousands | | 67.5 | 64.1 | 63.2 | 63.7 | 62.3 | 55.8 | 57.7 | 55.2 | 57.3 | 65.3 | 63.7 | 65.9 | 55.5 | 47.1 | 51.7 | 54.3 | 52.2 | 52.4 | 52.8 | 53.2 | 58.6 | 60.0 | 57.3 |
| ..unemployed, thousands | | 12.2 | 13.8 | 14.5 | 16.2 | 14.9 | 14.5 | 10.9 | 13.8 | 10.2 | 7.3 | 5.3 | 6.8 | 18.8 | 20.6 | 14.5 | 11.1 | 8.6 | 7.1 | 4.7 | 7.0 | 6.4 | 5.9 | 3.3 |
| Inactive, thousands | | 29.8 | 31.6 | 30.1 | 28.5 | 33.3 | 32.1 | 31.1 | 31.2 | 29.0 | 23.2 | 23.0 | 24.6 | 27.3 | 21.0 | 18.9 | 19.4 | 20.2 | 19.1 | 20.6 | 18.5 | 18.1 | 21.2 | 18.5 |
| Labour force and inactive total, thousands | | 109.6 | 109.4 | 107.8 | 108.4 | 110.5 | 102.4 | 99.7 | 100.3 | 96.5 | 95.8 | 92.0 | 97.3 | 101.6 | 88.8 | 85.1 | 84.8 | 81.0 | 78.7 | 78.1 | 78.7 | 83.1 | 87.1 | 79.2 |
| Labour force participation rate, % | | 72.8 | 71.2 | 72.1 | 73.7 | 69.9 | 68.7 | 68.8 | 68.9 | 70.0 | 75.8 | 75.0 | 74.7 | 73.1 | 76.3 | 77.8 | 77.2 | 75.0 | 75.7 | 73.7 | 76.5 | 78.2 | 75.7 | 76.6 |
| Employment rate, % | | 61.6 | 58.6 | 58.6 | 58.8 | 56.4 | 54.6 | 57.9 | 55.1 | 59.4 | 68.2 | 69.2 | 67.7 | 54.6 | 53.1 | 60.8 | 64.0 | 64.4 | 66.6 | 67.6 | 67.6 | 70.6 | 68.9 | 72.4 |
| Unemployment rate, % | | 15.3 | 17.7 | 18.7 | 20.2 | 19.3 | 20.6 | 15.9 | 20.0 | 15.1 | 10.0 | 7.7 | 9.4 | 25.3 | 30.5 | 21.9 | 17.0 | 14.2 | 12.0 | 8.2 | 11.7 | 9.8 | 9.0 | 5.5 |
| Females | Labour force, thousands | | 61.0 | 59.7 | 57.5 | 61.2 | 63.8 | 59.2 | 62.4 | 62.7 | 54.0 | 50.7 | 49.5 | 51.1 | 52.7 | 54.1 | 46.0 | 44.8 | 45.4 | 40.0 | 38.3 | 40.6 | 37.9 | 39.0 | 43.6 |
| ..employed, thousands | | 51.5 | 51.0 | 46.6 | 48.1 | 49.5 | 47.9 | 49.7 | 50.0 | 45.3 | 44.4 | 45.2 | 45.6 | 43.5 | 39.4 | 36.6 | 36.1 | 38.8 | 34.7 | 34.3 | 35.9 | 34.2 | 34.7 | 39.7 |
| ..unemployed, thousands | | 9.5 | 8.7 | 10.9 | 13.1 | 14.3 | 11.3 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 8.6 | 6.3 | 4.3 | 5.4 | 9.2 | 14.8 | 9.4 | 8.7 | 6.6 | 5.3 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 3.9 |
| Inactive, thousands | | 50.8 | 50.2 | 49.9 | 47.7 | 45.5 | 44.8 | 44.8 | 48.8 | 43.9 | 39.2 | 38.9 | 34.4 | 30.1 | 30.3 | 32.1 | 33.0 | 29.2 | 32.3 | 31.3 | 31.1 | 28.1 | 26.1 | 27.9 |
| Labour force and inactive total, thousands | | 111.8 | 109.9 | 107.4 | 108.9 | 109.4 | 104.0 | 107.3 | 111.6 | 97.8 | 89.8 | 88.4 | 85.5 | 82.8 | 84.4 | 78.1 | 77.8 | 74.6 | 72.2 | 69.6 | 71.7 | 66.0 | 65.1 | 71.5 |
| Labour force participation rate, % | | 54.6 | 54.3 | 53.5 | 56.2 | 58.4 | 56.9 | 58.2 | 56.2 | 55.2 | 56.4 | 56.0 | 59.7 | 63.7 | 64.1 | 58.9 | 57.6 | 60.9 | 55.3 | 55.1 | 56.6 | 57.4 | 59.9 | 61.0 |
| Employment rate, % | | 46.0 | 46.5 | 43.4 | 44.2 | 45.3 | 46.0 | 46.3 | 44.8 | 46.3 | 49.4 | 51.2 | 53.4 | 52.5 | 46.7 | 46.8 | 46.4 | 52.0 | 48.1 | 49.2 | 50.1 | 51.7 | 53.4 | 55.5 |
| Unemployment rate, % | | 15.6 | 14.5 | 18.9 | 21.5 | 22.4 | 19.1 | 20.4 | 20.3 | 16.0 | 12.4 | 8.7 | 10.6 | 17.5 | 27.2 | 20.5 | 19.5 | 14.6 | 13.1 | 10.6 | 11.6 | 9.9 | 10.8 | 9.0 |
| ..Russian citizenship | Males and females | Labour force, thousands | | 46.1 | 43.5 | 41.1 | 38.1 | 42.2 | 44.6 | 42.5 | 40.4 | 42.1 | 44.7 | 40.5 | 45.2 | 51.7 | 51.2 | 46.0 | 45.6 | 45.7 | 42.5 | 40.9 | 41.7 | 39.2 | 41.5 | 42.2 |
| ..employed, thousands | | 39.1 | 36.9 | 33.8 | 32.3 | 32.4 | 35.1 | 35.7 | 32.4 | 35.4 | 39.1 | 36.7 | 41.1 | 40.7 | 36.5 | 36.4 | 38.3 | 39.8 | 37.4 | 37.1 | 36.8 | 35.4 | 37.3 | 38.8 |
| ..unemployed, thousands | | 7.0 | 6.6 | 7.2 | 5.8 | 9.7 | 9.5 | 6.8 | 8.0 | 6.6 | 5.6 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 11.0 | 14.7 | 9.6 | 7.3 | 5.9 | 5.1 | 3.8 | 4.8 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 3.4 |
| Inactive, thousands | | 38.9 | 38.3 | 34.4 | 31.9 | 36.0 | 36.0 | 32.5 | 32.7 | 29.9 | 26.7 | 28.4 | 27.9 | 26.2 | 25.7 | 26.3 | 28.9 | 27.5 | 27.5 | 26.7 | 24.4 | 24.2 | 24.3 | 23.7 |
| Labour force and inactive total, thousands | | 85.0 | 81.8 | 75.5 | 69.9 | 78.2 | 80.6 | 75.1 | 73.1 | 71.9 | 71.4 | 69.0 | 73.1 | 77.9 | 76.9 | 72.4 | 74.5 | 73.2 | 69.9 | 67.6 | 66.0 | 63.4 | 65.8 | 66.0 |
| Labour force participation rate, % | | 54.2 | 53.1 | 54.4 | 54.4 | 53.9 | 55.4 | 56.6 | 55.3 | 58.5 | 62.6 | 58.8 | 61.8 | 66.3 | 66.6 | 63.6 | 61.2 | 62.5 | 60.7 | 60.5 | 63.1 | 61.8 | 63.0 | 64.0 |
| Employment rate, % | | 46.0 | 45.1 | 44.8 | 46.2 | 41.5 | 43.6 | 47.6 | 44.3 | 49.3 | 54.7 | 53.2 | 56.3 | 52.2 | 47.4 | 50.3 | 51.4 | 54.4 | 53.5 | 54.9 | 55.8 | 55.8 | 56.7 | 58.8 |
| Unemployment rate, % | | 15.2 | 15.2 | 17.6 | 15.2 | 23.1 | 21.2 | 15.9 | 19.8 | 15.7 | 12.6 | 9.5 | 9.0 | 21.3 | 28.8 | 20.9 | 16.0 | 12.9 | 12.0 | 9.2 | 11.6 | 9.7 | 10.0 | 8.2 |
| Males | Labour force, thousands | | 26.4 | 25.5 | 25.0 | 23.1 | 23.0 | 23.8 | 23.4 | 21.8 | 23.5 | 27.4 | 22.9 | 26.2 | 29.3 | 26.6 | 25.9 | 25.9 | 25.3 | 24.4 | 24.5 | 23.7 | 24.3 | 25.5 | 24.3 |
| ..employed, thousands | | 22.5 | 21.2 | 20.6 | 20.0 | 18.6 | 18.4 | 19.8 | 17.4 | 19.4 | 23.2 | 20.4 | 23.9 | 22.5 | 18.6 | 20.9 | 22.2 | 22.4 | 21.5 | 22.3 | 21.0 | 22.2 | 23.2 | 22.6 |
| ..unemployed, thousands | | 3.9 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 3.0 | 4.4 | 5.4 | 3.6 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 6.7 | 8.0 | 5.0 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 1.7 |
| Inactive, thousands | | 13.1 | 13.7 | 12.2 | 11.4 | 15.6 | 15.1 | 12.5 | 13.2 | 11.8 | 10.9 | 11.2 | 11.9 | 11.4 | 10.4 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 11.6 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 8.9 | 7.9 | 9.7 | 8.7 |
| Labour force and inactive total, thousands | | 39.4 | 39.2 | 37.2 | 34.5 | 38.6 | 38.9 | 35.9 | 35.1 | 35.3 | 38.2 | 34.1 | 38.1 | 40.6 | 36.9 | 35.3 | 36.0 | 36.9 | 35.1 | 35.2 | 32.6 | 32.1 | 35.2 | 33.0 |
| Labour force participation rate, % | | 66.9 | 64.9 | 67.2 | 66.9 | 59.6 | 61.2 | 65.2 | 62.2 | 66.5 | 71.6 | 67.1 | 68.8 | 72.0 | 71.9 | 73.3 | 71.7 | 68.6 | 69.5 | 69.6 | 72.6 | 75.5 | 72.5 | 73.6 |
| Employment rate, % | | 57.1 | 54.1 | 55.4 | 58.1 | 48.1 | 47.2 | 55.2 | 49.7 | 55.0 | 60.6 | 59.8 | 62.6 | 55.5 | 50.3 | 59.2 | 61.7 | 60.6 | 61.3 | 63.4 | 64.4 | 69.2 | 66.0 | 68.6 |
| Unemployment rate, % | | 14.7 | 16.7 | 17.6 | 13.1 | 19.3 | 22.8 | 15.2 | 20.1 | 17.2 | 15.4 | 10.9 | 9.0 | 22.9 | 30.0 | 19.3 | 14.0 | 11.7 | 11.8 | 8.9 | 11.4 | 8.4 | 8.9 | 6.8 |
| Females | Labour force, thousands | | 19.7 | 18.0 | 16.1 | 15.0 | 19.2 | 20.8 | 19.1 | 18.6 | 18.6 | 17.3 | 17.7 | 19.0 | 22.4 | 24.6 | 20.1 | 19.7 | 20.4 | 18.1 | 16.4 | 18.0 | 14.9 | 16.0 | 17.9 |
| ..employed, thousands | | 16.6 | 15.6 | 13.3 | 12.3 | 13.9 | 16.8 | 15.9 | 14.9 | 16.0 | 15.9 | 16.3 | 17.3 | 18.1 | 17.9 | 15.5 | 16.0 | 17.5 | 15.9 | 14.8 | 15.9 | 13.1 | 14.1 | 16.1 |
| ..unemployed, thousands | | 3.1 | .. | 2.8 | 2.8 | 5.3 | 4.0 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 2.6 | .. | .. | 1.7 | 4.3 | 6.8 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 2.9 | 2.2 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.8 |
| Inactive, thousands | | 25.8 | 24.6 | 22.2 | 20.5 | 20.4 | 20.9 | 20.0 | 19.4 | 18.0 | 15.8 | 17.2 | 16.0 | 14.8 | 15.3 | 16.9 | 18.7 | 15.9 | 16.8 | 16.0 | 15.5 | 16.3 | 14.6 | 15.0 |
| Labour force and inactive total, thousands | | 45.5 | 42.6 | 38.3 | 35.5 | 39.6 | 41.7 | 39.1 | 38.0 | 36.6 | 33.1 | 34.9 | 35.0 | 37.3 | 40.0 | 37.0 | 38.4 | 36.3 | 34.8 | 32.4 | 33.5 | 31.2 | 30.6 | 33.0 |
| Labour force participation rate, % | | 43.3 | 42.3 | 42.0 | 42.3 | 48.4 | 49.9 | 48.8 | 48.9 | 50.8 | 52.2 | 50.6 | 54.2 | 60.1 | 61.7 | 54.3 | 51.3 | 56.2 | 51.9 | 50.5 | 53.8 | 47.8 | 52.2 | 54.4 |
| Employment rate, % | | 36.4 | 36.7 | 34.6 | 34.6 | 35.1 | 40.2 | 40.6 | 39.3 | 43.7 | 48.0 | 46.7 | 49.3 | 48.6 | 44.7 | 41.9 | 41.8 | 48.1 | 45.6 | 45.6 | 47.4 | 42.1 | 46.0 | 49.0 |
| Unemployment rate, % | | 15.8 | .. | 17.6 | 18.3 | 27.5 | 19.4 | 16.8 | 19.5 | 13.9 | .. | .. | 9.0 | 19.2 | 27.4 | 22.9 | 18.6 | 14.4 | 12.2 | 9.7 | 11.8 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 10.0 |
| ..citizenship not specified | Males and females | Labour force, thousands | | 89.4 | 90.1 | 83.0 | 91.2 | 92.9 | 81.1 | 84.1 | 85.2 | 72.9 | 72.3 | 72.5 | 71.8 | 68.3 | 63.1 | 59.3 | 58.2 | 53.8 | 48.7 | 46.0 | 48.9 | 49.5 | 49.3 | 47.4 |
| ..employed, thousands | | 74.8 | 74.6 | 66.0 | 70.1 | 74.9 | 65.5 | 68.1 | 67.7 | 61.6 | 65.1 | 66.8 | 64.1 | 52.6 | 43.8 | 46.4 | 46.6 | 44.8 | 41.6 | 41.6 | 43.0 | 44.0 | 44.3 | 44.6 |
| ..unemployed, thousands | | 14.6 | 15.5 | 17.0 | 21.1 | 18.0 | 15.6 | 16.1 | 17.5 | 11.3 | 7.2 | 5.7 | 7.6 | 15.7 | 19.4 | 13.0 | 11.6 | 9.0 | 7.1 | 4.4 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 4.9 | 2.8 |
| Inactive, thousands | | 39.1 | 40.6 | 40.7 | 39.8 | 40.2 | 37.6 | 40.5 | 44.2 | 39.9 | 32.0 | 29.6 | 28.0 | 28.5 | 22.5 | 20.9 | 19.8 | 18.4 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 18.1 | 18.1 | 18.1 |
| Labour force and inactive total, thousands | | 128.5 | 130.8 | 123.7 | 131.0 | 133.1 | 118.7 | 124.6 | 129.3 | 112.8 | 104.3 | 102.1 | 99.8 | 96.8 | 85.7 | 80.2 | 78.0 | 72.2 | 69.1 | 66.5 | 69.4 | 67.6 | 67.3 | 65.5 |
| Labour force participation rate, % | | 69.6 | 68.9 | 67.1 | 69.6 | 69.8 | 68.3 | 67.5 | 65.8 | 64.6 | 69.4 | 71.1 | 71.9 | 70.5 | 73.7 | 74.0 | 74.6 | 74.5 | 70.4 | 69.1 | 70.4 | 73.3 | 73.2 | 72.4 |
| Employment rate, % | | 58.2 | 57.1 | 53.4 | 53.5 | 56.3 | 55.2 | 54.6 | 52.3 | 54.6 | 62.4 | 65.4 | 64.3 | 54.3 | 51.1 | 57.8 | 59.8 | 62.0 | 60.2 | 62.5 | 61.9 | 65.1 | 65.8 | 68.1 |
| Unemployment rate, % | | 16.3 | 17.2 | 20.5 | 23.1 | 19.4 | 19.2 | 19.1 | 20.5 | 15.5 | 10.0 | 7.9 | 10.6 | 23.0 | 30.7 | 21.9 | 19.9 | 16.7 | 14.5 | 9.6 | 12.2 | 11.2 | 10.0 | 5.9 |
| Males | Labour force, thousands | | 50.0 | 50.0 | 46.0 | 49.8 | 51.2 | 44.3 | 42.8 | 43.8 | 39.7 | 41.0 | 42.9 | 42.4 | 39.9 | 36.2 | 36.0 | 35.5 | 31.9 | 29.8 | 27.0 | 29.8 | 31.6 | 31.3 | 28.1 |
| ..employed, thousands | | 41.9 | 40.6 | 36.6 | 38.2 | 42.0 | 35.9 | 35.9 | 34.8 | 34.0 | 38.0 | 40.1 | 38.2 | 29.1 | 24.6 | 27.7 | 28.8 | 26.4 | 25.6 | 24.6 | 25.9 | 27.6 | 28.1 | 26.8 |
| ..unemployed, thousands | | 8.1 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 11.6 | 9.2 | 8.4 | 6.9 | 9.0 | 5.7 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 4.2 | 10.8 | 11.6 | 8.3 | 6.6 | 5.5 | 4.2 | 2.3 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 3.2 | 1.3 |
| Inactive, thousands | | 15.4 | 16.4 | 15.4 | 14.8 | 16.2 | 15.3 | 16.9 | 16.7 | 16.4 | 11.1 | 10.2 | 11.6 | 14.3 | 8.6 | 7.4 | 7.9 | 7.4 | 7.0 | 8.6 | 8.2 | 8.7 | 9.5 | 8.5 |