| Below upper secondary education | Males' employment rate, % | | 43.1 | 41.0 | 38.0 | 36.3 | 37.0 | 34.0 | 36.8 | 37.7 | 34.9 | 40.6 | 40.8 | 40.5 | 32.7 | 29.0 | 33.4 | 34.7 | 39.3 | 41.1 | 40.1 | 42.6 | 46.1 | 45.7 | 41.8 |
| Females' employment rate, % | | 22.5 | 23.0 | 22.1 | 20.7 | 19.5 | 18.7 | 22.3 | 24.1 | 25.0 | 23.7 | 24.1 | 24.6 | 21.1 | 22.1 | 24.2 | 23.1 | 23.9 | 25.3 | 26.5 | 27.1 | 29.2 | 31.3 | 29.4 |
| Employment gap, percentage points | | 20.6 | 18.0 | 15.9 | 15.6 | 17.5 | 15.3 | 14.5 | 13.6 | 9.9 | 16.9 | 16.7 | 15.9 | 11.6 | 6.9 | 9.2 | 11.6 | 15.4 | 15.8 | 13.6 | 15.5 | 16.9 | 14.4 | 12.4 |
| Upper secondary education | Males' employment rate, % | | 74.9 | 73.4 | 69.6 | 67.7 | 68.8 | 70.7 | 71.5 | 69.8 | 71.1 | 75.7 | 77.4 | 76.9 | 65.3 | 63.9 | 70.1 | 71.3 | 71.3 | 72.0 | 74.4 | 73.9 | 75.2 | 76.8 | 77.2 |
| Females' employment rate, % | | 60.4 | 60.5 | 57.5 | 55.9 | 55.6 | 56.4 | 58.5 | 57.0 | 58.7 | 61.9 | 62.2 | 63.7 | 58.2 | 53.4 | 57.6 | 58.0 | 58.7 | 58.0 | 60.5 | 61.3 | 62.9 | 63.3 | 63.3 |
| Employment gap, percentage points | | 14.5 | 12.9 | 12.1 | 11.8 | 13.2 | 14.3 | 13.0 | 12.8 | 12.4 | 13.8 | 15.2 | 13.2 | 7.1 | 10.5 | 12.5 | 13.3 | 12.6 | 14.0 | 13.9 | 12.6 | 12.3 | 13.5 | 13.9 |
| Tertiary education | Males' employment rate, % | | 84.8 | 84.8 | 84.0 | 82.1 | 80.5 | 81.0 | 80.5 | 80.0 | 80.0 | 83.2 | 83.6 | 84.1 | 80.8 | 74.2 | 77.0 | 79.1 | 80.9 | 82.7 | 84.0 | 82.9 | 84.7 | 84.1 | 85.5 |
| Females' employment rate, % | | 73.7 | 72.4 | 70.8 | 70.3 | 71.4 | 74.4 | 71.8 | 73.3 | 74.1 | 77.2 | 77.5 | 74.6 | 72.6 | 71.0 | 70.5 | 73.8 | 73.1 | 72.3 | 74.8 | 75.0 | 76.1 | 75.3 | 76.4 |
| Employment gap, percentage points | | 11.1 | 12.4 | 13.2 | 11.8 | 9.1 | 6.6 | 8.7 | 6.7 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 9.5 | 8.2 | 3.2 | 6.5 | 5.3 | 7.8 | 10.4 | 9.2 | 7.9 | 8.6 | 8.8 | 9.1 |